Dr Noor

Teen Vaping and Mental Health

“Teen Vaping: should I be worried?”

Vaping has become a world-wide epidemic. The use of vape especially amongst teens have exponentially increased over the last several years and adolescents and young adults represent the population that are predominantly consuming the vape market worldwide. Approximately 1 in 5 adolescents are currently using electronic vaping products. Thought to be a “safer option” to smoking, teens have taken the use of vape to another level with growing popularity (Baidem et al., 2022). More worryingly, it is harming teens in a less period of time as compared to cigarette use and hold greater physical and mental health risks.

What is vape?

Vapes are electronic devices that comes in an array of shapes and sizes. Most vapes include a mouthpiece, a battery, a heating element, and a cartridge to hold the e-liquid or e-juice. It is this e-liquid that contains the nicotine that is combined with flavourings and other chemicals.  There are several types of vaping devices which can include e-cigarettes, customised vaporisers or called “mods”, vape pens that resembles closely to a large fountain pen or some looking like a USB memory stick.

How it works?

The vaping device is battery operated that powers the heating component to heat up the e-liquid or the vape juice. The device as a result produces water vapor in which are inhaled into the lungs. Many assume that vaping is basically inhaling harmless water vaper. However, vape “smoke” contains nicotine which are highly addictive. In addition to that, the vapor may also contain fine particles that are inhaled deep into the lungs, with some vaping flavours even containing chemicals that has been linked to “popcorn lung” causing scarring and obstruction in the lungs. It brings along devastating long term health risks but also short-term health impacts including nicotine dependence, which can lead to disruptions in brain development, increase in shortness of breath, coughing, fevers, acid reflux, bronchitis and pneumonia.

How does it affect teens then?

Important to note, our brain only stops to develop around the age of 25. So, in teens, the young brain that regulates emotions and cognition are still developing and maturing. The continuous and long-term use of vape, exposes the young person’s developing brain to long term nicotine leading to major consequences such as deterioration in cognitive functioning, difficulties with focus, poor attention span and impulsive control. It also impacts the young person’s memory and how they learn and practice new skills.

Several studies have reviewed existing literature and consistently found that vape played a vital role in social maladjustments in adolescents including poor learning and academic performance, increased aggressive and impulse behaviour, poor sleep hygiene, attentions deficits, memory and cognitive impairment and increased stress, depression, and suicidal ideation. Paradoxically, one of the most common reasons that many youths continue to vape was attributed to coping with existing mental health issues such as anxiety, stress, and depression (Becker et al., 2021). While in fact, studies have shown that vaping was associated with 2.5 times of having a diagnosis of depression with higher depressive symptoms a year later as compared non-users.

Thus, one may ask – which came first? The mental health issues that led to vaping or was it the vaping that led to mental health issues. A typical chicken and egg argument. Nonetheless, whichever it may be, one thing is clear. Vape causes detrimental impact on teenagers not only physical, but also on their mental wellbeing. It is utmost important to not only prevent teens from vaping but to also help and support those who are addicted to quit as soon as possible.  It is critical to break the addiction to nicotine and to prevent further health risks related to nicotine use. If addiction to vaping is addressed early on, it could produce positive impact on multiple aspects on a teen’s overall wellbeing – physically, emotionally, and socially.

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